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June          July       August
 Zodiac: Cancer      June 21 - July 22      Flower: Larkspur      Birthstone: Ruby

July, originally the fifth month in the calendar, was first named Quintiles, which means "fifth." However, when Julius Caesar altered the calendar, he renamed the month, his birth month, after himself. Somewhat ironically, the month named after the dictator is the month in which the United States, France, Canada, The Netherlands, and Belgium celebrate the anniversary of Independence.

1 Battle of Gettysburg began 1863.

Battle of San Juan began 1893.  FACTOID: Teddy Roosevelt's famous charge up San Juan Hill occurred on April 21st.
2 Thurgood Marshall, first black to be nominated as U.S. Supreme Court Justice by President Lyndon Johnson (6/13/1967), born 1909.    [d. 1993]

Civil Rights Act signed by President Johnson, 1964.

Robert Tools, 59, received the first self-contained artificial heart. He died 5 months later after complications from pneumonia, 2001.
3 Idaho became the 43rd state (settled in 1842), 1890.
4

Calvin Coolidge, 30th president (1923), born 1872.

Russian painter Marc Chagall, born 1887.

Nathaniel Hawthorne, American writer, born 1804.

Independence Day  FACTOID: In 1776, the patriots in the original thirteen colonies signed the Declaration of Independence. FACTOID:  Also the anniversary death date of three presidents: James Monroe, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson.

Pinocchio, a puppet created by Carl Lornzini, 1881.

5 Amendment 26 passed setting the voting age at 18 in the United States, 1971.
6 George W. Bush II, 43rd President (2000), born 1946.
7  
8 Commerates the Liberty Bell ringing out from Independence Hall for the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. FACTOID: The Pennsylvania Assembly ordered the Bell in 1751 to commemorate the 50-year anniversary of William Penn's 1701 Charter of Privileges.  www.nps.gov/inde   Visit - Your Parks - Independence Hall Historic Park)

Entrepreneur extraordinaire J. D. Rockefeller, born 1839.
9  
10 Arthur Ashe, Jr., American tennis player, born 1943. 

Wyoming became 44th state (settled in 1834), 1890.

Mary Mcleod Bethune, educator and founder of the National Council for Negro Women, born 1875.

Teacher, John Scopes, using a state-approved textbook, taught a lesson in evolution; he was arrested two weeks later. In 1925, a law was passed that made it unlawful for any teacher to teach Darwin's theory that man evolved from a lower order of animals instead of teaching the story of creation as told in the Bible. Known as the "Scopes Monkey Trial", it spotlighted the differences between secular and religious political thoughts in the U.S.
11 John Quincy Adams, 6th President (1825), born 1767.

Alexander Hamilton, American statesman, was killed by Aaron Burr in a duel, 1804.

Dyslexic author and illustrator, Patricia Polacco, born 1944.

E.B. White, most famous for his novel, Charlotte's Web, was also famous for writing The Elements of Style, a writer's style guide that is still used today. He also wrote Stuart Little and The Trumpet of the Swan, born 1899. (d. 10/1/1985)
12 Josiah Wedgewood, English pottery manufacturer, born 1730

Henry Thoreau, American writer of the book "Waldon Pond,"  born 1817.  

Julius Caesar, Roman Emperor, born 102 B.C.
13 Northwest Ordinance passed by U.S. Congress, 1787.
14 Tape measure patented 1868

Billy the Kid, American folklore hero, killed 1881.

Gerald Ford, 38th President (1974), born 1913.

Bastille Day  French Revolution, 1789.   FACTOID: The French recognize Bastille Day as the end of the monarchy and beginning of the modern republic.
15 Rembrandt Harmenzoon Van Rijn, Dutch painter, born 1606.

Clement C. Moore, born 1779. FACTOID: Author of the poem "Twas the night before Christmas and all through the house, not a creature was stirring--not even a mouse"--Dec. 24, 1822.
16 First atomic test bomb exploded, 1945.   FACTOID:  Atomic bombs were dropped on the cities of Hiroshima (August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki, Japan (August 9, 1945).
17 Disneyland opened in Anaheim, California in 1955 by Walt Disney.
18 John Glenn, American astronaut, born 1921.  FACTOID:  John Glenn Day commemorates the flight which launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on February 20, 1962. Glenn circled the Earth 3 times in his space capsule and then landed safely in the Atlantic.
19 Sitting Bull forced to surrender, 1881.  FACTOID:  Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotake), Chief of the Sioux Indians, was later shot by federal troops following a dispute on December 15, 1890. 

Edgar Degas, French artist, born 1834. 

"Bloomers" introduced at Women's Rights Convention, 1848. 

Charles H. Mayo, American medical doctor and Founder of the prestigious Mayo Clinic, born 1865.
20 U.S. Viking I landed on Mars, 1976.

Neil Armstrong, first man to land on the moon, 1969.  FACTOID:   He placed an American flag on the moon. His famous quote, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."
21 Ernest Hemingway, American writer and Nobel Prize winner, born 1899.
22 Gregor Mendel, often called the "father of Genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants and that the inheritance traits also follows particular laws, which were named after him, born 1822. (d. 1/6/1884)
23  
24 Amelia Earhart Putnam born 1898.  FACTOID: The first woman to fly solo across Atlantic on May 20, 1932; five years after Lindbergh and to fly solo across the Pacific, begriming her 18 hour flight from Honolulu to Oakland in 1935. Amelia later vanished in the Pacific Ocean, 1937.  www.ameliaearhart.com

Alexander Dumas, French Writer, born 1802.
25 Puerto Rico declared itself self-governing, 1952. 

The first Carousel patented 1871.
26 George Bernard Shaw, Irish dramatist & Nobel Prize winner, born 1856. 

New York became the 11th state (settled in 1614), 1788. FACTOID: Governor Peter Minuit arrived at the future site of New York on May 4, 1626, with four shiploads of colonists and cattle. He bought the entire island of Manhattan from the natives for $24 worth of cloth and brass buttons. One of the original 13 colonies.
27 Korean War Veterans' Armistice Day     FACTOID: Truce was signed to end the Korean war, 1953. It started June 25, 1950.
28  
29  
30 Emily Bronte, English author, born 1818

Henry Ford born, 1863.   FACTOID: On June 4, 1896, Henry wheeled first Ford car out of brick barn in Detroit, Michigan.  In 1913, it took 12 1/2 hours to put a car together.  In 1980, complete assembly of a car took 93 minutes!
31 Spanish Armada attacked by the English, 1588.  FACTOID: 130 ships & about 30,000 men, launched to invade England & seize the throne for King Phillip II of Spain.
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