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The third-grade standards
place increasing emphasis on conducting
investigations. Students are expected
to be able to develop questions, formulate
simple hypotheses, make predictions,
gather data, and use the metric system
with greater precision. Using information
to make inferences and draw conclusions
becomes more important. In the area
of physical science, the standards
focus on simple and compound machines,
energy, and a basic understanding
of matter. Behavioral and physical
adaptations are examined in relation
to the life needs of animals. The
notion of living systems is further
explored in aquatic and terrestrial
food chains and diversity in environments.
Patterns in the natural world are
demonstrated in terms of the phases
of the moon, tides, seasonal changes,
the water cycle, and animal life cycles.
Geological concepts are introduced
through the investigation of the components
of soil. |
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| 3.1 |
The
student will plan and conduct
investigations in which
- predictions and observations
are made;
- objects with similar characteristics
are classified into at least
two sets and two subsets;
- questions are developed
to formulate hypotheses;
- volume is
measured to the nearest
milliliter and liter;
- length is
measured to the nearest
centimeter;
- mass is
measured to the nearest
gram;
- data are gathered, charted,
and graphed (line
plot, picture graph, and
bar graph);
- temperature is
measured to the nearest
degree Celsius;
- time is
measured to the nearest
minute;
- inferences are made and
conclusions are drawn; and
- natural
events are sequenced chronologically.
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| 3.2 |
The
student will investigate and understand simple
machines and their uses. Key
concepts include
- types of simple machines
(lever, screw, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined
plane, and wedge);
- how simple machines function;
- compound
machines (scissors,
wheelbarrow, and bicycle);
and
- examples of simple and
compound machines found
in the school, home, and
work environment.
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| 3.3 |
The
student will investigate and understand
that objects are made of materials
that can be described by their
physical properties. Key concepts
include
- objects are made of one
or more materials;
- materials are composed
of parts that are too small
to be seen without magnification;
and
- physical properties remain
the same as the material
is reduced in size.
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| 3.4 |
The
student will investigate and understand
that behavioral and physical adaptations
allow animals to
respond to life needs. Key concepts
include
- methods
of gathering and storing
food, finding shelter,
defending themselves, and
rearing young; and
- hibernation, migration,
camouflage, mimicry, instinct,
and learned behavior.
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Living
Systems
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| 3.5 |
The
student will investigate and understand
relationships among organisms
in aquatic and terrestrial food
chains. Key concepts include
- producer, consumer,
decomposer;
- herbivore, carnivore,
omnivore; and
- predator -
prey.
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| 3.6 |
The
student will investigate and understand
that environments support a diversity
of plants and
animals that share limited resources. Key
concepts include
- water-related environments
(pond, marshland, swamp, stream, river,
and ocean environments);
- dry-land environments
(desert, grassland, rain
forest, and forest environments);
and
- population and community.
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| 3.7 |
The
student will investigate and understand
the major components of soil,
its origin, and importance to
plants and animals including humans. Key
concepts include
- soil provides the support
and nutrients necessary
for plant growth;
- topsoil is a natural product
of subsoil and bedrock;
- rock, clay, silt, sand,
and humus are
components of soils; and
- soil is a natural
resource and should
be conserved.
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Earth
Patterns, Cycles, and Change
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| 3.8 |
The
student will investigate and understand
basic patterns and cycles occurring
in nature. Key concepts include
- patterns of natural events
(day and night, seasonal
changes, phases of the moon,
and tides);
and
- animal and plant
life cycles.
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| 3.9 |
The
student will investigate and understand
the water cycle and its relationship
to life on Earth. Key concepts
include
- the
energy from the sun drives
the water cycle;
- processes involved in
the water
cycle (evaporation, condensation, precipitation);
- water is
essential for living things;
and
- water supply and water
conservation.
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Resources
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| 3.10 |
The
student will investigate and understand
that natural events and human
influences can affect the survival
of species. Key concepts include
- the interdependency of
plants and animals;
- human effects on the quality
of air, water,
and habitat;
- the effects of fire, flood, disease,
and erosion on
organisms; and
- conservation and resource
renewal.
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| 3.11 |
The
student will investigate and understand
different sources of energy. Key
concepts include
- the sun’s
ability to produce light and heat energy;
- sources of energy (sunlight,
water, wind);
- fossil
fuels (coal, oil, natural
gas) and wood;
and
- renewable and
nonrenewable energy resources.
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